Burke believes that through rhetoric of motives and grammar of motives it is possible to create protagonists that people can easily identify with to persuade them into action based on their intended political views. This study explored how the rhetoric and dialect of Smith that have symbolic meanings and functions is motivating through identification with characters. The themes of Ali Smith's Autumn are in congruity with Kenneth Burke’s theoretical ideas represented as theme of love to explain illogical coupling of a young woman and an old man that recalls England and Europe/EU interconnection and mismatching relations.
Rhetoric of motives refers to the application of terms with persuasive function that move people into action. Identification refers to identifying with characters having some components or substances in common. In this study, Autumn was investigated in light of Kenneth Burke's notions of identification, substance, symbolism, and imagination known as rhetoric of motives. In his political novel, Autumn, Ali Smith has implicitly integrated family life with political matrices of British-European relations.
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